Renaissance
The Camera Obscura was increasingly used by artists, particularly for portraits and landscapes.
a. Who invented the Camera Obscura , where and when?
The Camera Obscura, which in Latin means darken room, was the start of photography. At the very start of it, Aristotle in 330 BC wondered “how could the sun make a circular image when it shined through a square hole?” Some other accidental discoveries happened when there was a hole inside the tent of caravan* riders and they realized the sun light coming through from the hole to other side of the tent projected and inverted image of a camel. In 989 Ad Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham) an Arab philosopher and polymath had investigated this discovery and created the first Camera Obscura/pinhole camera and was able to explain why the images were inverted.
b. When, where and by whom was it first used in Europe?
In 1267 Europe, Roger Bacon an English philosopher and scientist brought the principles of the camera obscura, and in 1596 and Italian architect Giambattista della Porta built the first working camera obscura which he used to spy on unsuspected guest.
c. How did it revolutionize painting?
Some painters started to use the camera obscura to help them with their paintings. By using it, they could now trace the image they wanted to paint by projecting it on to their canvas. Some believe that even some of the famous master pieces like “Girl with the pearl earring”1665 by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, may have used this technology.
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci was born in Vinci, Italy on April 1452 and died on May 1519 in France. He was a writer, mathematician, inventor and artist; and was called a genius who was also the most influential man in Italian renaissance. Rather than see the differences between Art and Science, he connected the two and his work still influences many artist and scientist to this day.
At age 15, he became an apprentice with the artist Verrocchio, and for 6 years he learnt skills such as metal work, leather art, carpentry, drawing and sculpting. By the age of 20, he was became a Master Artist in the Guild of Saint Luke and later opened his own workshop. Later he went to Rome and studied the Human anatomy. Some of his famous art works are “The Last Supper” “Virgin of the Rock” and “Mona Lisa” which is the most famous painting in the world.
Leonardo Had 13000 pages of note and drawing which included flying machines – 400 years before the invention of the airplane. These drawing also included plant studies, war machinery, anatomy and architecture. He also had studies of the human body, inside and out.
In 1502, Leonardo Da Vinci publishes the “Codex Atlanticus” which was a clear description of Alhazen’s camera obscura.
a. Who invented the Camera Obscura , where and when?
The Camera Obscura, which in Latin means darken room, was the start of photography. At the very start of it, Aristotle in 330 BC wondered “how could the sun make a circular image when it shined through a square hole?” Some other accidental discoveries happened when there was a hole inside the tent of caravan* riders and they realized the sun light coming through from the hole to other side of the tent projected and inverted image of a camel. In 989 Ad Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham) an Arab philosopher and polymath had investigated this discovery and created the first Camera Obscura/pinhole camera and was able to explain why the images were inverted.
b. When, where and by whom was it first used in Europe?
In 1267 Europe, Roger Bacon an English philosopher and scientist brought the principles of the camera obscura, and in 1596 and Italian architect Giambattista della Porta built the first working camera obscura which he used to spy on unsuspected guest.
c. How did it revolutionize painting?
Some painters started to use the camera obscura to help them with their paintings. By using it, they could now trace the image they wanted to paint by projecting it on to their canvas. Some believe that even some of the famous master pieces like “Girl with the pearl earring”1665 by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, may have used this technology.
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci was born in Vinci, Italy on April 1452 and died on May 1519 in France. He was a writer, mathematician, inventor and artist; and was called a genius who was also the most influential man in Italian renaissance. Rather than see the differences between Art and Science, he connected the two and his work still influences many artist and scientist to this day.
At age 15, he became an apprentice with the artist Verrocchio, and for 6 years he learnt skills such as metal work, leather art, carpentry, drawing and sculpting. By the age of 20, he was became a Master Artist in the Guild of Saint Luke and later opened his own workshop. Later he went to Rome and studied the Human anatomy. Some of his famous art works are “The Last Supper” “Virgin of the Rock” and “Mona Lisa” which is the most famous painting in the world.
Leonardo Had 13000 pages of note and drawing which included flying machines – 400 years before the invention of the airplane. These drawing also included plant studies, war machinery, anatomy and architecture. He also had studies of the human body, inside and out.
In 1502, Leonardo Da Vinci publishes the “Codex Atlanticus” which was a clear description of Alhazen’s camera obscura.
Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa
..............
When, where and by whom were the following invented?
a. Woodblock printing
When: Around 600 Where: China
b. Printing with movable type
c. Typecasting.
d. Who was the first European to be accredited with the invention of printing?
Johannes Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type painting.
e. What was the name of the first book to be printed in China?
Diamond Sutra- translated from Sanskrit into Chinese in about AD 400
f. What was the name of the first book to be printed in Europe?
The Bible- printed by Gutenberg - Europe
g. What is an ‘incunabula”?
Some of the first books that were printed, not handwritten, from the 1450’s to late 15 century.
h, What is an “uncial”?
Uncial is when all the letters in a script are capitals and the same height. This was used from the 3rd to the 8th century. These letters were used in Greek, Latin and Gothic writing.
..............
When, where and by whom were the following invented?
a. Woodblock printing
When: Around 600 Where: China
b. Printing with movable type
c. Typecasting.
d. Who was the first European to be accredited with the invention of printing?
Johannes Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type painting.
e. What was the name of the first book to be printed in China?
Diamond Sutra- translated from Sanskrit into Chinese in about AD 400
f. What was the name of the first book to be printed in Europe?
The Bible- printed by Gutenberg - Europe
g. What is an ‘incunabula”?
Some of the first books that were printed, not handwritten, from the 1450’s to late 15 century.
h, What is an “uncial”?
Uncial is when all the letters in a script are capitals and the same height. This was used from the 3rd to the 8th century. These letters were used in Greek, Latin and Gothic writing.
Links/Resources:
http://www.computersmiths.com/chineseinvention/movtype.htm
http://petapixel.com/2012/12/11/camera-obscura-and-the-paintings-of-old-masters/
http://www.biography.com/people/leonardo-da-vinci-40396
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/hightours/diamsutra/
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/284960/incunabula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncial_script
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable_type
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_casting_%28typography%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottmar_Mergenthaler
http://education.asianart.org/explore-resources/background-information/invention-woodblock-printing-tang-618%E2%80%93906-and-song-960%E2%80%931279
http://www.computersmiths.com/chineseinvention/movtype.htm
http://petapixel.com/2012/12/11/camera-obscura-and-the-paintings-of-old-masters/
http://www.biography.com/people/leonardo-da-vinci-40396
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/hightours/diamsutra/
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/284960/incunabula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncial_script
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable_type
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_casting_%28typography%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottmar_Mergenthaler
http://education.asianart.org/explore-resources/background-information/invention-woodblock-printing-tang-618%E2%80%93906-and-song-960%E2%80%931279